materi gwe ni muent...
January – late winter - Shishira
February
April
June
July
August
October
Phalgun Vaishākti Ashāda
Bhārdapad Kārtik Paush
Dosha and Panca Mahabhuta
Vata = Vayu and AkasaKapha
= prthvi and jala/apa
MOOLASIDHANTHAM
Swasthavritta
– part one
Purpose of ayuh (life) is attention of catur Purusharthas. They are
1. Dharma :
following the path of vighteousness
2. Artha :
earning money in a legal way
3. Kama :
fultilling our desire
4. Moksa : achieving Salvation
To achieve this purpose of life, one should
concentrate on having a long life. To learn the science of Ayurveda,
whichnexplains how to achieve this purpose “obedience” is the most important
quality.
Benefits of Ayurveda
Health
= 2 kinds : 1. Internal (Dosha
& Dhusya)
2. External from food and activities
From
the activities also have 2 kinds, are of difinite of periode (season &
daily), and on indifinite period.
Definition of health:
The
person who have good health if:
a. The doshas (Vata, pitta, kapha) is a state of
balance
b. The agni is working properly. Agni in here means of
digestion.
c. The dhatus (rasa, asrk/rakta, mamsa, meda, asthi,
majja, and sukra) are actively engaged in the nutritive an good process
d. The malas (waste) are eliminated naturally from the body
e. The Atma, indriya, and manas are in a pleasant
state. Prassanna (Happy) in our Atma
(soul).
1.
Nyanendriya
(Sense Organ)
·
Sense to smell –
prthvi – nose
·
Sense to taste –
jala – tongue
·
Sense to ligth
(vision) – agni/teja – eyes
·
Sense to touch –
vayu – skin
·
Sense to hearing
– akasa – ears
2.
Karmendriya
·
Vak – speach to talk
·
Pani – hand to
holding something
·
Pada – feeth to
walk
·
Payu – organ for
excretion
·
Upastha – organ
of sex for prokreition
3.
Indriya – manas
So
they are ekadasa (eleven) all should
be called Prassanna (happy). Susrutasamhita,
sutrasthana 15.41
Health indicators
1. Proper appetite
2. Proper digestion
3. Proper elimination of wind
4. Proper elimination of urine
5. Proper elimination of stool, faeces
6. Lightness of the body
7. Clarity of senses
8. Proper sleep, proper waking
9. Proper strength
10. Proper complexion
11. Healthy longevity
12. Pleasant state of mind
13. Balance state of agni
Purpose of Ayurveda
1.
Svasthavirttham :
preseving the health of a healthy person
2.
Aturavrittham :
curing the disease of a diseases persons
Swastavrittha
Swa
= one’s own (state)
Stha
= being in
Vrittha
= action, ritual, character
So,
swastavrittha means art of being is one’s own state.
1.Dhinacharya (daily regiment)
Key points: time, state of health,
state of digestion
a.
Brahma Muhurta
Conducive for spiritual and education activities 88
minutes before sunrise.
1.
Clear belching
2.
Enthusiasm
3.
Normal
initiation of vega
4.
Lightness of the
body
5.
Manifestasion of
proper hunger and thirst
What
should do in Brahma Muhurta? Look time, asses digestion, then contemplation
(Sariracintam/little meditation)
·
Sarirachintam :
how is my body, what is good for me, what is bad for me, thingking on your
body. What’s the time now, who are my parents, who are my friends, which people
place i’m, who i’am, what are my strength, what is positive to me, which
negative to me, what is my purpose in my life today, etc,.
b.
Kruta shoucha Vidhi
Thats means action to clean your bowels, like
stool, urine, wash the hand, wash the face, feeth, teeth,etc,.
c.
Danta Dhawana
Cleans/brush the teeth.
Key point:
1. Of kashaya, katu, and tikta taste dominate
2. Without attecting the gums (gusi)
3. Each attecting to be separately brushed
4. To be done twice (do and time)
How
to make the brush:
1. From the branches of arka tree, etc,.
2. The branches must 12 anggulas long
3. The thick must on little finger size
4. To use it, by chewing it and before we must to
little pounding to make eassy when we chewing the branches.
Benefit:
1. Relieve bad odour, coating, kapha malas, imparts
clarity, give good clarity in taste for food, and also peasant state of mind.
Contraindication:
(not to be done during)
1. Indegistion
2. Vomiting
3. Disease of the head
4. Breathing disorders
5. Cough
6. Fever
7. Disease of ear
8. Facial palsy
9. Thirst
10. Mouth ulcers
11. Disease of the heart
12. Disease of the eyes
d.
Jihva Nirlekhanam (clean/skripping the tongue)
Benefit:
1. It’s remove bad odour
2. Give sense of taste
3. It gives lightness/ clealiness
4. Clarity of speech
5. Removes kapha / mala in mouth
e.
Anjanam / Collyrion (vision is the seat of Pitta)
How
to make it:
Take
silver lamp and add ghee to it, burn the wilk. Hold the silver plate, close to
it and collect the soat.
How
to use it:
1. Use finger ring
2. Open under eyelid and from middle to laterall
3. Open the above eyelied and also from middle to
laterall
Benefits:
1. Protecting our eyes
2. Clarity of vision
3. It’s remove kapha/ mala in eyes
f.
Nasya/Nasal Drops
Medicine put throught nose thats means nasal
treatment. Every day one or two drops of oil in each nostril.
Benefits:
1. Improve eye sight
2. Impact strength to the teeth, alleviates vata
3. Clarity of sense
4. Remove disease from nose, throught, and head.
Contraindication:
1. Chronic sinusitis/vhinitis
2. Drunkard
3. Chose hearing is weak
4. In whom doshas are in on extremely, excite state
g.
Gandoosham
It’s holding mouth fuul oil till secretions come
from nose and eyes
Kavala : it’s pulling/moving the oil
Benefits:
1. Make strength to the jaw
2. Make strength to the voice
3. Make strength to the face
4. Make strength to the root of the tooth
5. Gives good sense of taste
6. Not make troath dry
7. It’ll not make lips crack
8. Not make teeth decay
9. Not make teeth sensitive
10. Not make tooth pain
h.
Dhoomapanam
It’s means medicated smoke inhalation.
a. Preparation
Take gauze piece. Apply evently tumeric powder and
ghee mixture over it. Make rool it tightly and allow it to dry
b. How to used
Make a papper cone, hold it towards one nostril,
close the other nostril. Hold the dhoomapana stick at one end and inhaale
throught nose exhale throught in mouth. Repeat it in 3 times and then do it
again similiary with other nostril, and the same procedure.
c. Benefit
Clear all elongged up channel and is best treatment
sfter nasya and gandoosha.
i.
Tamboola Sevana eat the bettle leave, that’s so good for
teeth, and for mouth tube.
j.
Abhyangam (apply
the oil)
For
sevanam treatment only in three place Head, Ears, and Feeth
Benefits:
1. Removes delays ageing
2. Removes fatgue
3. Alliviate vata
4. Increase vision perceptions
5. Strengt in the body
6. Increase life span
7. Gives good sleeps
8. Gives firmness to the skin
Contraindications:
1. People suffering from kapha disease
2. People who have under gone panchakarma treatments
3. People who suffering from indigestion
k.
Nyanyana
“sharira ayas jaanaka karma
Vyayana”
Sharira : body
Ayas
: trouble/efort
Janaka
: cousing
Karma
: action
vyayama : excersise
Rule
: we do until a half our capacity, thats means when we have begining sweat and
should be stoped then must to drink mineral water. Then when vayu come out in
the mouth (vayu in the heart come out in the mouth). This rule only to
individual capacity, because we see from how to live (life habits).
From:
astngahrdaya sutrasthana chapter 2 (10, 3, 11, 12, 24, 47)
Yoga isn’t exercise because when we do exercise, our
heart is increase and i get sweat. Then if in yogasana make decrease in heart
and we get sweat not like if we get seat in the exercise.
Benefit:
1. Lightness on the body
2. Ability to do work increase (capacity to work)
3. Agni increase
4. Meda dhatu decrease
5. Parts of the body be come well. Definite and firm
Who
and when:
1. Strong person
2. People eating “snigdha ahara”
3. Winter/ spring must more to do Vyayama
4. Summer seasons must less Vyayama
Contraindications/
to be Avoid by:
1. Vata disease (joint pain, etc.)
2. Pitta disease
3. Those bellow 16 years
4. Those above 70 years
5. Have indigestion problems
l.
Udvartaanam (Treatment to Kapha)
1.
Anuloma : Loma means hair. Inderection with the hair (downward). Example: kaya
abhyangam. This is for Vata disease.
2.
Pratiloma : opposite that. Direction with the hair (upward). Example:
Udwartanam. So this is treatment to kapha disorders.
Benefits:
1. It’s give formness of the body
2. Remove kapha haram / kpaha disorders
3. Medasa Pravilayamam (melts medas/reduces medha
dhatus)
4. Sthiri Karanam Anganam (make stability{sthiri} in
the body{anganam}/ firmness of the body parts)
5. Twak Prasada Karanam (bring softness to the skin/ or
makes skin healthy)
m.
Snanam (take bath/shower)
Benefits:
1. Deepanam (agni) increase
2. Vrushya (Aphrodaisiac) means increase sensual
capacity energising
3. Ayushya (life span increase)
4. Gives Urja (energy)
5. Gives bala (strength of the body)
6. Removes itching
7. Removes mala
8. Removes tiredness
9. Removes sweat
10. Removes Drowsonnes
11. Removes thirst
12. Removes burning sensation
13. Removes sins (make fress and happy)
Contraindications:
1. Facial Paralysis
2. Disease of eyes
3. Disease of mouth
4. Disease of ear
5. Disease og digestion ( luss mossion/diarhoea,
flatus, blooding in stomach, indigestion, ect.,)
6. Sinusitis
7. People who have eaten food
n.
SADVRITA
SADVRITA means code of conduct.
To
sins AVOID (Dashadha Papakarma) perbuatan buruk yang harus dihindari in 3
categories:
a. Body :
1.
Himsa (violence)
2.
Steya (stealing)
3.
Anyatha Kamam
(having ilidil sex)
b. Peech :
4.
Paishunia ( hurt
others by speech)
5.
Parusha (not
using soft tone/ so rought)
6.
Anruta (lies)
7.
Sambhinna Alaap
(no conection/non sense in talk)
c. Mind :
8.
Vyapada
(thinking, harming others by thoughts)
9.
Abhidya
(jellousy)
10. Drook Viparyaya ( find faults/ non believe with
Sastra)
m.
TRAYOPASTAMBHA (3 pillars of lifes)
1. Ahara (food)
In ahara, we know Sapta Vidha Ahara Kalpana that’s
means seven factors food regimen. They are:
a.
Swabhava
(nature). In here we have 2 kinds of nature from foods,
·
Nature in light.
For example : green gram by nature is light.
·
Nature in heavy.
For example : Yogurth by nature is heavy.
b.
Sanyoga
(combinations). For example : fruits + milk. We can see more food are
combinations from fruits and milk, in this condition, many people so like that,
but in real conditions, fuits and milk together are bad combinations. The
others example, honey and hot water, but, we must avoid this.
c.
Samskara
(process). Example : ghee everyday caan increase agni in digestion. In alopati
rule, says should not eat ghee everyday because ghee have so many colesterol.
d.
Matra (quantity).
The propper quantity is that which gets digested in proper time without
disturbing the equilibrium of the doshas and dhatus. Of all the factors for the
maintenance of positive health, food taken in a propper quantity occupies the
most important possision.
e.
Dsha (habitat)
f.
Kala (time)
g.
Upayoga
vyavastha (about place the agni). Agni. Should be take bath before take food,
should pleasent the mind, if persons cooking the food must with happines,
h.
Dietitic rules:
(from Charakashamhita.Sutrasthana 1.24)
·
Eat food which
is warm
·
Eat food which
is unctuousnees
·
Eat in a
congerrel place
·
Eat neither too
hurnmedly not too leisurely
·
Eat without
talking or laughing
·
Eat with full concentration
·
Eat with proper
regard of one self,
From astangahrdaya.sutrasthana 8.35-38
·
Eat at right
time
·
Eat items that
are accustomed, clean, suitable, unctuous, warm, light
·
Eat with the
right mindset
·
Eat items that
have all six taste and with a predominant sweet taste
·
Eat after
ensuring proper body hygene
·
Eat items that
are liked
·
Eat in the company of those who are liked
2. Nidra ( sleeps)
From charakasamhita.sutrasthana
21.38, and asthangahrdaya.sutrasthana 7.53-54
|
Good sleep
|
Bad sleep
|
|
1. Pleasure/happy
2. Nourishment
in body and mind
3. Strength
and stability
4. Virility
5. Knowlegde
to learn
|
1. Sorrow
2. Unnourishment
3. Weakness
4. Sexual
dysfunction
5. ignorance
|
·
if insomia
(sleep is not good) then will get:
1.
body pain/body
ache
2.
heaviness
3.
yawning increase
4.
drowsy
(mengantuk)
5.
fainting/weak,
(lemah,letih)
6.
indigestion
7.
hallucination
8.
get vata
disorders/disease
·
for propper
sleeps:
1.
take milk
2.
take meat soup
3.
doing abhyangam
4.
putting oil in
ears
5.
doing netra
tarpanam
6.
pleasing
activity
3. Maithuna (sexs). Brahmacharya means who people will
not do have sex, the Abrahmacharya means How to have good sexs.
Notes:
on do’s and don’t of sex:
a. Man age 25 ; female age 16
b. After auspicius (melakukan) rituals of marriage
c. Sex should not be done with a woman who is hungry /
over eaten / thirsty / frightened / javerse / sorrow stricken / angry / longing
for somone else / very high or very low libido / ill / menstruating / pregnant
/ weak / dirty / unloving / elder and coming from higher class / jealousy /
same gotra / wife of teacher / female acsetic
d. Avoid sex during twilight / festival days / early
morning / mid night / mid day / improper place.
e. Avoid sex in flexed position because can make vata
aggravation the compresses yoni
f. Right lateral position make kapha displaced then
obstructs (mencegah) garbhashaya.
g. Left lateral position make pitta displaced then
vidaha of rakta and sukra
h. Hence be in suppine position to keep doshas are in
balance
i.
Man bellow and
woman on top make if male child has female characters then if female child has
male characters/habits.
j.
Sex determind:
1.
Chaturthi (4
days after new moon) / astami (8) / dashami (10) / dwadashi (12), so the cild
be come Male
2.
Panchami (5) /
saptami (7) / nawami (9) / ekadashi (11) so the child becomes female
3.
Ekadashi (1) /
trayodashi (13) can be come hermaphrodife (banci)
4.
Even days : male
(hari kedua setelah new moon/full moon)
5.
Old days :
female (hari ke 15)
k. Notes:
1.
Shukla paksha 15
days periode. Waxing moon : white/positive/energy increase (from full moon to
new moon)
2.
Krishna paksha.
Warning moon : black/ negative/ energy decrease
3.
Odd days : male
child with feminine features and weak body
4.
Even days :
masculine features and weak body. (when shukra is more on odd days and less on
even days)
5.
Child on
succesive rtu kala:
a.
Long life
b.
Good health
c.
Fortune
d.
Power of
supremacy/energy
e.
Complexion
f.
Indriya sampat
6.
Vyavaya kala:
Posture of coitus:
a.
Uttana/supine
position is advised for female as it aids acceptence of bija and doshas are
kept in samastithi. The malle should not be in supine position
b.
For coitus
lateral positions are contra indicated
2.
Rtu charya
(season regiment)
India, have
six seasons, they are:
1.
|
ADANA KALA
Loss energy
|
2.
|
Spring ( Vashanta)
|
3.
March
4.
|
Summer (Griishma)
|
5. Mei
6.
|
Raining (Varshanta)
|
7.
|
VISARGA kala
More and good energy
|
8.
|
Autumn ( Sharada)
|
9.
Septemer
10.
|
Winter (Hemanta)
|
11. November
12. Desember – late winter – Shishira
Ayurveda
knowledge have “Healthy seasonal Routime”:
·
Summer : regimens to cool the system without disturbing the digestion
·
Rainy : regimens to keep the digestion
normal and the system pure
·
Winter : regimens to nourish the body using
the digestive power (more energy)
Rtu
and Dosha:
|
DOSHA
|
ACCUMULATION
|
AGGRAVATION
|
ALLEVIATION
|
|
VATA
|
SUMMER
(greeshma)
|
RAINY (Varsha)
|
AUTUMN
(Sharada)
|
|
PITTA
|
RAINY
(Varsha)
|
AUTUMN
(Sarada)
|
WINTER
(Hemanta)
|
|
KAPHA
|
LATE WINTER
(shishira)
|
SPRING
(Vashanta)
|
SUMMER
(Greeshma)
|
·
Attributes of
Adana Kala and Visharga Kala:
|
ADANA
KALA
|
VISARGA
KALA
|
|
·
Uttarayana – Agneya
·
Agneya – Agni – Guru Pradhana
·
Vayu – Ati (extremly) – Ruksha
·
Moon – less Bala
·
Sun – strongth Bala
·
Sun Dries away things
·
Ruksha, tikta, kashaya, katu
·
Gradually Bala Lessens
|
·
Dakshinayan – Agneya
·
Saumya – sheeta guna Pradhana
·
Vayu, not too ruksha
·
Moon – strong Bala
·
Sun – less bala
·
Moon nourishes things
·
Snigdha , amla, madhura, and
lavana
·
Gradually bala increase
|
STATUS OF BALA (STENGTH) DURING THE YEAR
|
DAKSHINAYANA
|
|
VASHANTA
MADHYA
|
|
VARSHA
ANTA
|
|
SHARAD
MADHYA
|
|
HEMANTA
AADI
|
|
GREESHMA
ANTA
|
|
SHISHIRA
AADI
|
|
UTTARAYANA
|
Māgh Chastra Jyaistha
Shravana Ashvin Agrahayana
Avara/Lowest
Madhyam/Moderate
Uttamam/ Higest
STATUS OF RASA AND BALA DURING THE YEAR
|
Ritu
|
Status
of strength of Sun
|
Status
of strength of Moon
|
Dryness
/ unctuousness
|
Rasa
in Drawyas
|
Status
of Bala
|
|
Shishira
|
Poorna
|
Ksheena
|
Ruksha
|
Tikta
|
Streshta
Bala
|
|
Vasanta
|
Poorntar
|
Ksheentar
|
Rukshtar
|
Kashaya
|
Madham Bala
|
|
Greeshma
|
Poorntam
|
Ksheentam
|
Rukshtam
|
Katu
|
Alpabala
|
|
Varsha
|
Ksheena
|
Porrna
|
Snigdha
|
Amla
|
Alpabala
|
|
Sharada
|
Ksheentar
|
Poorntar
|
Snigdhtar
|
Lavana
|
Madham Bala
|
|
Hemanta
|
Ksheentam
|
Poorntam
|
Sigdhtam
|
Madura
|
Streshta
Bala
|
a.
VASANTA (SRING)
F Feb-March to March-April
F Characteristic : wind blows towards south,
accumulated sleshma (kapha) undergoes liquefaction due to strong sunrays.
F Dosha : prakopa of Kapha
F Bala : Madhyama Bala
F Food to be taken : (yava) Burley, Godhuma (wheat),
in non vegetarian-light cooked meat fermented, beverages (alcoholic), shunti,
Motha/mostha (cyperu srotundus), asana saadhit water.
F Food not be taken : heavy, sour, sweet, unctuousness
F Activity : Vamana (emesis), dry message, more
Physicaly activity, gargling.
F Common diseases : shvasa , kasa, pratishyay
(respiratory/allergies/disorders), agnimandhya (low of agni), ajirna
(indigestion), etc,.
F Common interventions : vyoshadi Vati, Lavangadi
Vati, sitopalodi choorna, talishadi choorna, and shirishadi.
b.
GREESHMA (SUMMER)
F April-May to May-June
F Characteristic : excessive dry and hot
F Dosha : Vata Sanchaya and Kapha Sharnana, due to
excessive dryness.
F Bala : avara (lownest)
F Food to be taken : sweet, cold, liquid and
unctuousness drink and food items, manth (soup), sharbata (juice), light cooked
non-vegetarian items, ghrit (ghee) and milk, plenty of water.
F Food not be taken: alcoholic beverages, lavana,
katu, amla, ushna
F Activity : divaswap – nap during day time, stay in
coold place, indulge in forest, cold water and flowers. Should not indulge in
sexual activity and excessive physical exertion.
F Common diseases : sun stroke, exhaustion, aruchi,
trishma, etc,.
c.
VARSHA (RAINY)
F June-July to July-Augst
F Characteristic : digestive fire is further weakened,
water beromes amlavipaki.
F Dosha : vata Prakopa (aggraviate)
F Bala : alpa Bala
F Food to be taken : drink and diet mixed with honey,
amla, lavana, and sneha- on the day of excessive rainning to counteract the
aggraviation of Vata, old cereals – barley (yava), godhuma (wheat), shali rice,
processed yusha (soup) of gains, grape wine and arishta (farmantation with
honey).
F Food not be taken: watery clemulcent drinks, impure/
contaminated water.
F Activity : dry message (udvartama) stay in less
humid place, wearing garlands, perfumes, avoid day sleeping, excessive physical
exercise, exual intercourse, exposure to sun
F Common diseases : amlapitta, endemics like cholera,
diarrhea, dysentry, skin disease.
d.
SHARADA (AUTUMN)
F August-September to September-October
F Characteristic : sudden re-exposure to sun rays
causes pitta vitiation.
F Dosha : pitta Prakopa
F Bala : Madhyam bala
F Food to be taken : madhura, sheeta, laghu, tikta
(bitter), shali rice, godhuma (wheat), moonga (greengram), yava, madhu (honey),
ghrita (ghee) with tikta bitter medicaments, food which sudsides pitta.
F Food not be taken: vasa (fatty tissue), oil, meat of
alcuatic animals, dahi (curd), kshaara (alkaline preparation), yogurth
F Activity : wearing garlands, explosure to moonlight
in the night, no day time sleep.
F Common diseases : amlapitta, sheetapitta
(skindryness), kandu, etc,.
e.
HEMANTA (WINTER)
F October-November to November-Desember
F Characteristic : sheeta/vayu, prabala Jatharagni
(stong Agni), mandura Rasa uttapati, endowed with strength
F Dosha : sanchaya – Kapha (begin to increase/
accumulation), and prashaman – Vata (going to normal)
F Bala : shresththabala (strongest Bala)
F Food to be taken : heavy food (unctuousness), newly
ripened rice and other grains, heavy non-vegetarian preparations, snigdha,
madhura, amla, lavana, wine and other alcoholic beverages.
F Food not be taken: vatavardhak, laghu
(lights-moonga), ruksha (dry-without oil)
F Activity : oil message, aplication of oil over head,
sunbath,utsadana (massage), residing in warm underground chamber, wearing of
heavy, woollen cloths, use of thick blankets, unlimited indulgence in to
sexsual activities.
F Common diseases : sandhi (joints) stabdhita, sandhi
shool (pain), pratishyaya, swasa, kasa, etc,.
f.
SHISHIRA (LATE WINTER)
F Dec -January to January-February
F Characteristic : simmiliar as that of Hemanta ritu
but has more ruksha, sheeta, wind, and rain than Hemanta
F Dosha : sanchaya – Kapha (begin to increase/
accumulation), and prashaman – Vata (going to normal).
F Bala :shrestha Bala
F Food to be taken : same as that of Hemanta (more)
F Food not be taken: same as that of Hemanta in
addiction remain.
F Activity : same as that of Hemanta in addiction
remain.
F Common diseases : same as that of Hemanta in
addiction remain.
RITU SANDHIS (CHANGE OF SEASONS)
ü Last seven days of out going ritu and first seven
days of comming ritu
ü Importance – period of susceptibility for various
disease
ü Should not leave the dos and don’ts of out going
ritu at once and should not swich over to new ritu’s regimen suddenly.
ü Padansh krama – slowly adjust to new regimen
Key take out points
1. Varsha : prevant amla, contaminated water
2. Sharad : beware of strongth sun, pitta shamak Ahar
(food) Vihar (activities)
3. Hemanta : eat heavy and at will, no day sleep
4. Shishira : follow hemanta regimen
5. Vashanta : vaman, kapha prakopa is to be prevented,
use honey
6. Greeshmasleep during day time, accumulation of Vata
has to be taken care, use sattu and sharbat.
Introduction To AYURVEDA
1.
Basic introduction
Definition :
The word Ayurveda is derived from two words are
“Ayu” means life and “Veda” means knowledge. So Ayurveda is the scince or
knowledge of life. This is considered to be the Upaveda of Atharva Veda. This
science of life is considered to be the part of Indian culture and heritage.
From Charaka Samhitha we can see the definition of
Ayurveda are:
“Hitahitam
sukhan dukham, ayustasya hitahitam”
“manam cha tatra yatroktam, ayurveda sa
uchyate”
·
Hita = good
healthy
·
Ahitam = bad/
unhealthy
·
Sukhan =
happyness
·
Dukham = sad
·
Ayustasya
hitahitam = what is good and bad for 4 kinds of life.
·
4 category in life
are healthy, unhealthy, happy, and sad.
·
Manam = quantity
·
Tatra = where
·
Yatroktam/uktam
= told
·
ayurveda sa uchyate” = is called Ayurveda
So the meaning are 4 kinds of life (healthy,
unhealthy, happy, and sad ) from Ayurveda knowledge, and ayurveda say that to
life spain.
Aim of ayurveda
“Svasthasya, swasthya Rakshanam”
Svasthasya = healthy person
Swasthya = health
Rakshanam =
preventife, methode
·
how to prevent/
maintaining the health in the healthy person.
“Aturasya vyadhi parimokshanam”
Aturasya =
diseses in persons
Vyadhi =
disease
Parimokshanam =
curative/ iradicated
·
to curative
disease from the sick person
2.
History of AYURVEDA
a.
Mythological origin
Dhanwanthari
is considered to be Lord of Ayurveda, who emuged from the mity ocean during the
churning by Devas and Asuras. Lord Dhanwanthari is considered to be an
incarnation of Lord Vishnu with Amruthakalasha. Milky ocean-Anantasesa-Mandara
Giri Mountain(Naga Basuki) Anakonda snake.
b.
Classical origin
Brahma
remembered and taught the science to Dakkshaprajapathi (Siva), Vaidyanata. Then
he in turn taught it to Aswini twins (doctor of the God), they taught the
science to Indra (phsycian of the God). This is divine desend of Ayurveda.
From
Indra, then he taught Ayurveda to “Athreya Punarvasu (Kresna Atreya)”, when
worldly people begin to suffer from dissease due to Adharma. Athreya taught it
to his disciples Agnivesha and 5 others. They are Bela, Jatukarana, Parasara,
Harita, and Ksarapani.
3.
Brihatthrayi (3 main texs in Ayurveda)
The 3 main classics considered as Brihathrayi are
Charaka Samhitha, Susrutha Samhitha and the Astanga Hridayam.
a.
Charaka Samhita
The words of sages Atreya Punarvasu was compiled by
his disciple Agnivesa which was known as ‘Agnivesa Tantra’. This was further
redacted and renamed as Charaka Samhita’ by Charaka. This deal mainly with the
general medicine.
b.
Susrutha Samhita
Susrutha was the disciple of Dhanwanthari, who gave
importance to surgical treatment and he wrote ‘Susrutha Samhitha’ which deals
mainly with the surgical aspects of Ayurveda.
c.
Astanga Hridayam
It is a short combined compilation of the contents
of Charaka Samhitha and Susrutha Samhitha done by Vagbhata. This is a complete
text which has most of the information written in a concise way.
4.
Astanga’s of Ayurveda (Eight Branches of Ayurveda)
a.
Kaya chikitsa : deals
with the treatment of diseases arising from various factors especially due to
the derangement in kayagni (digestive fire).
b.
Bala chikitsa
: this deals the
treatment of diseases in children (phediatrics)
c.
Graha chikitsa :this
deals the treatment of diseases of arising due to possession of invisible
external factors like evil spirits, pathogens, etc, and deals mainly with
phsychiatric diseases.
d.
Urdhvanga chikitsa : it deals with the treatment of diseases of head
inclusive of the eyes, ears, nose, throath, and teeth.
e.
Salya chikitsa :
this is also known as sastra chikitsa (surgical treatments) and deals with the
treatment of diseases using sharp and blunt instruments like knife, etc.
f.
Damstra chikitsa :
this is also called as visa chikitsa. This deals with the treatment of diseases
due to various types of poisoning.
g.
Jara chikitsa : this is a treatmen which deals with treatment
of old age problems. Also called as Rasyana chikitsa as it preserves health and
helps to delay ageing process.
h.
Vrsa chikitsa : this
is also called as vajikarana chikitsa which treats the problems related to sex,
etc. This treatment deals with the disease like impotence, sterility, etc. And
also uses aphrodisiac drugs for the treatments.
Fundamentals
Panca
Mahabhutas
All dravyas of the universe are made up of 5 basic
elements. They are Prithvi (earth), Ap/Jala (water), Tejas (agni,fire), Vayu
(air), and Akasa (space). From Atribute, we can identity something, we also
called with Guna/property/quality.
a.
Prithvi : the
substances which are heavy, tough, hard, stable, dense & with the quantity
of smell (Gandha – Nose – smell) are dominanted by Prithvi Mahabhuta.
b.
Apa/Jala : the
substance whice are in liquid state is unctuosness, cold, slimy, and with the
quality of taste (rasa – tongue – taste) are dominanted by Ap Mahabhuta.
c.
Tejas : the
substance which are hot, sharp, subtle, light, and with the quality of vision (
rupa – see – eyes) are dominated by Teja Mahabhuta.
d.
Vayu : the
substances that are light, cold, non-unctuosness, rough, subtle, and with the
quality of touch (sparsa – feel – touch) are dominated by vayu Mahabhuta.
e.
Akasa : the
substances that are soft, light, subtle, smooth and with the quality of sound
(shabda – hear – ears) are dominanted by Akasa Mahabhuta.
20
Gunas in Ayurveda
|
No.
|
Guna
|
Nearest
correlation
|
Opposite
to
|
No.
|
Guna
|
Nearest
correlation
|
|
1.
|
Guru
|
Heavy
|
X
|
11.
|
Laghu
|
Light
|
|
2.
|
Manda
|
Slow
|
X
|
12.
|
Tiksna
|
Quick/sharp
|
|
3.
|
Hima/sita
|
Cold
|
X
|
13.
|
Usna
|
Hot
|
|
4.
|
Snigdha
|
Unctuosnes/
lubricity
|
X
|
14.
|
Ruksha
|
Coarse/dry
|
|
5.
|
Slaksna
|
Smooth
|
X
|
15.
|
Khara
|
Rough
|
|
6.
|
Sandra
|
Thick/solid
|
X
|
16.
|
Drava
|
Liquid
|
|
7.
|
Mrdu
|
Soft
|
X
|
17.
|
Kathina
|
Hard
|
|
8.
|
Sthira
|
Still/stable
|
X
|
18.
|
Sara
|
Flowing,
moving
|
|
9.
|
Suksma
|
Subtle/fine
|
X
|
19.
|
Sthula
|
Corpulent/gross/
bulky
|
|
10.
|
Visada
|
Lucid
|
X
|
20.
|
Picchilla
|
Slimy
|
7
taste (Sapta Rasa) and its relations with Panchamahabhuta
|
Rasa
|
Composition
|
Properties
|
Dosha
|
Malas
|
Agni
|
|
Madura
|
Prthvi &
Jala
|
Snigdha,
guru, sita
|
Increase
kapha, pactifies vata and pitta
|
Laxative,
diurectic and carminative
|
Cause
mandagni
|
|
Amla
|
Prthvi &
tejas
|
Snigdha,
laghu, ushna
|
Increase
kapaha and pitta, decrease vata
|
Laxiative,
diuretic and carminative
|
Dipana
(carminative) and pacana (digestive)
|
|
Lavana
|
Jala &
tejas
|
Snigdha, guru,
ushna
|
Increase
kapha and pitta, decrease vata
|
Laxivative,
diurectic and carminative
|
Dipana,
(carminative), and pacana (digestive)
|
|
Katu
|
Vayu &
tejas
|
Ruksha,
laghu, ushna
|
Increase
vata and pitta, decrease kapha
|
Constipative,
anti diuretic and obstructs flatus
|
Dipana
(carminative), and pacana (digestive)
|
|
Tikta
|
Vayu &
akasa
|
Ruksha,
laghu, sita
|
Increase
vata, decrease kapha and pitta
|
Constipative,
anti diuretic and obstructs flatus
|
Dipana by
promoting samana vayu
|
|
Kasaya
|
Vayu &
prthvi
|
Ruksha,
guru, sita
|
Increase
vata, decrease pitta and kapha
|
Constipative,
anti diuretic and obstructs flatus
|
Causes
mandagni
|
Rasa is the object of Gustatory sense organ. It
indicates panchabhautik composition, properties, and the probable action of a
drug.
Even materials not possessing a perceptible taste
are also grouped under various rasas like madhura by virtue of their effect in
the body.
DOSHA
the dosha as per its root meaning that is which
susceptible to vitiation, dosha are primary constitutional factors of the body.
Basically doshas are 3 in number. They are Vata,
Pitta, and Kapha. The state of equilibrium of these doshas result in well being
of human body and their disequilibrium may causes ill health or even death.
Doshas actually represent group of physiological
activities going on continously in the body. Hence by wacthing these
physiological active we can asses health or illiness.
All disease, even those yet to evolve can be managed
by the knowledge of doshas.
Tridoshas also combinations of pancamahabhutas. These
panchamahabhutas are the five primordial elements by which the entire univers
is formed.
|
vata
|
Pitta =
Jala ang Tejas
|
pitta
|
|
kapha
|
·
DOSHA & RASA (TASTE)
|
RASA
|
E.N
|
PANCA MAHABUTA
|
VATA
|
PITTA
|
KAPHA
|
|
1.
Madhura
|
Sweet
|
Prthvi+
Jala
|
Decrease
|
Decrease
|
Increase
|
|
2.
Amla
|
Sour
|
Prthvi+
Agni
|
Decrease
|
Increase
|
Increase
|
|
3.
Lavana
|
Salt
|
Jala + Agni
|
Decrease
|
Increase
|
Increase
|
|
4.
Katu
|
Pungent
|
Vayu
+ Agni
|
Increase
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
|
5.
Tikta
|
Bitter
|
Vayu
+ Akasa
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
Decrease
|
|
6.
Kashaya
|
Astringent
|
Vayu
+ Prthvi
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
Decrease
|
DOSHA NIRUKTI / definition
A. Vata “tatra va gati gandhoyono” (that which moves)
B. Pitta “tapa santape pittam” (that which is hotness)
C. Kapha “ slisha aalingane” (that which binds together{berkumpul})
Location/Sthana of Dosha
1.
Seat of Vata Dosha
a.
Large intestine
= pakwasaya
b.
Hip region/
waist = kati
c.
Lower limbs/
thigh = sakthi
d.
Ears = srota
e.
Bones = asthi
f.
Skin = sparsha
Important seat of vata
is pakavasaya
(large intestine)
2.
Seat of Pitta Dosha
a.
Umblical region
= nabhi
b.
Stomach (small
intestine) = amashaya
c.
Sweat = sweda
d.
Lymph = (lasika)
e.
Blood = rudhira/
rakta/ asrk
f.
Eyes = druk
g.
Liquid secretion
= rasa
h.
Skin =
sparshanam
Important seats is umbilical
region of pitta
3.
Seat of Kapha Dosha
a.
Thorax (rongga dada)/chest region = ura
b.
Neck/ throat =
kantha
c.
Head = shira
d.
Pancreas = klona
e.
Joints &
stomach = parvani & amashaya
f.
Plasma portion
of blood = rasa dhatu
g.
Adipose tissue /
fat = meda
h.
Nose = ghrana
i.
Tongue = jihwa
Important seats of
kapha is thorax.
Dosha guna
|
VATA
|
PITTA
|
KAPHA
|
|
Ruksha
(dryness)
|
Sasneha
(unctuousness)
|
Snigdha
(unctuousness)
|
|
Laghu
(lightness)
|
Tikna
(sharp/tajam)
|
Sheeta
(coldness)
|
|
Sheeta
(coldness)
|
Ushna (hotness)
|
Guru
(heaviness)
|
|
Khara
(roughness)
|
Laghu
(light)
|
Manda (slow)
|
|
Sookshma
(minutes)
|
Visram (bad
odour)
|
Slaksna
(smooth)
|
|
Cala
(movements, unstable)
|
Saram
(flowing)
|
Mrtstna
(slimy)
|
|
-
|
Drawam
(liquid)
|
Sthira
(stable, unmovement)
|
Dosha karma (action)
1.
Vata
a. Uthsaha = enthusiasm
b. Uchshwas = inhaling
c. Nishwasa = exhaling
d. Chestha = action initiation
e. Vega Pravastana (start). Vega means natural urges
initiation)
·
Vega/natural
urges is ADHARANEEYA (can’t/not to control). In here, we have 13 natural urges,
they are:
1.
Vata = flatus
2.
= defrecation
3.
Mutra =
urination
4.
Sneezing
5.
Trut = thirst
6.
Kshudha = hunger
7.
Sleep
8.
Kasa = caugh
9.
Breheting
10. Yawn
11. Ashru = tears
12. Vomiting
13. Retasa = semen
·
Then in
DHARANEEYA (should be control) are
a. Physical urges
1.
Emotional
2.
Desire
3.
Great
4.
Sad ripu (kama,
kroda, mada, moha, lobha,and matsarya)
f. Samyakgatyac ha dhatunam = dhatu balance,
nourishment, function
g. Akshanam patvena = indriya nourishment, functioning,
focus (11 indriya)
a.
Manah
b.
Panca indriya
(nyanindriya):
1.
Sense of smell –
nose - (prthvi mahabhuta)
2.
Sense of taste –
tongue – (ap/jala mahabhuta)
3.
Sense of seing –
eyes – (teja mahabhuta)
4.
Sense of touch –
skin – (vayu mahabhuta)
5.
Sense of hearing
– ears – (akasa mahabhuta)
c.
Panca
Karmendriya Excretion)
a.
Vak = speace to
talk
b.
Pani = hand to
holding
c.
Pada = feet to
walk
d.
Payu = organ for
excretion
e.
Upastha = organ
of sex, for prokreition
2.
Pitta (lame)-panggu = can’t work without vayu (vata)
a. Pakti = digestion – transformation, metabolism
b. Ushma = heat – menjadi panas atau memanaskan
c. Darshana = vision perception / ability to see
d. Kshut = hunger
e. Trut = thirst
f. Ruchi = taste
g. Prabha = aura – normal lustre in the skin
h. Medha = intellegent
i.
Dhi – wiweka –
budhi = intellegent / ability to distinguish between right and wrong
j.
Shourya = brave
/courage – berani/gagah
k. Tanu mardawa = delicate / soft body
3.
Kapha
a. Sthiratva = stability in mind and body (speach)
b. Snigdhatva = bringing unctuousness
c. Sandhibandha = lubrications of joints
d. Ksama = forbearance / tolerance
4.
Klasification of Dosha (DOSHA
BHEDA) & its function
VATA
|
No.
|
Types of
Vata
|
Location
|
Action
|
|
1.
|
PRANA
|
Head,
thorax, throat
|
Functions of
budhi, hrdaya, and indriya
|
|
2.
|
UDANA
|
Nasal
passage, umbilical region, throat
|
Speech,
complexion, memory
|
|
3.
|
VYANA
|
Heart
|
Motor
functions
|
|
4.
|
SAMANA
|
Near
jataragni (GIT)
|
Digestion
|
|
5.
|
APANA
|
Pelvis,
perineal region, genitals, urinary bladder, thighs
|
Expulsion of
semen, menstrual blood, urines, foetus, and placenta.
|
PITTA
|
No.
|
Types of
Pitta
|
Location
|
Action
|
|
1.
|
PACHAKA
|
Between
stomach and colon
|
Digestion
gives strength to other pittas
|
|
2.
|
RANJAKA
|
Stomach
|
Gives red
colour to plasma or serum or lymph
|
|
3.
|
SADHAKA
|
Heart
|
Intellect,
discriminative ability, and self esteen
|
|
4.
|
ALOCHAKA
|
Eyes
|
Provides
pover of visual perceptions
|
|
5.
|
BHRAJAKA
|
Skin
|
Provides
natural lusture
|
KAPHA
|
No.
|
Types of
Kapha
|
Location
|
Action
|
|
1.
|
AVALAMBAKA
|
Chest region
|
Forms
support of shoulder regions
|
|
2.
|
KLEDAKA
|
Stomach
|
Softening of
the ingested food
|
|
3.
|
BODHAKA
|
Tongue
|
Perceptions
of taste
|
|
4.
|
TARPAKA
|
Head
|
Nourishment
to sense organs
|
|
5.
|
SLESHAKA
|
Joins
|
Maintaining
the integrity of joints
|
Vriddhi Kshaya Lakshanas
Vata vriddhi (Increase vata)
causes:
a. Emaciation
b. Blackish discoloration
c. Liking/desire for hot things
d. Tremors
e. Distention of abdomen
f. Constipation
g. Loss of strength, sleep and sensory functions
h. Irrelevant speech
i.
Giddiness
j.
Weakness
Vata kshaya (Decrease vata) causes:
a. Debility of the body
b. Desire to speak very little
c. Loss of sensation
d. unconsciousness
Pitta vriddhi (Increase pitta)
causes:
a. yellowish feces , urine, eyes, and skin
b. excessive hunger, thirst, burning sensation
c. sleeplessness
Pitta kshaya (Decrease pitta)
causes:
a. weakness of digestive activity
b. coldness
c. loss complextion
Kapha vriddhi (Increase kapha)
causes:
a. debility of digestive activity
b. excessive salivation
c. lassitude
d. heaviness of the body
e. whitishness of focus (faces)
f. coldness of body
g. weakness of body parts
h. dyspnoea (difficulty in breathing)
i.
cough
j.
excessive sleep
Kapha kshaya (Decrease kapha)
causes:
a. dizziness
b. feeling of emptyness of organs of kapha
c. pain in heart region
d. looseness joints
SAPTA DHATUS
The seven dhatus are :
1.
rasa (tissues of
plasma)
2.
asrk/rakta
(tissues of blood)
3.
mamsa (tissues
of muscle)
4.
meda (tissues of
fat)
5.
asthi (tissues
of bones)
6.
majja (tissues
of bone marrow)
7.
sukra (tissues
of semen)
these dhatus are
also called as dhusyas since it gets vitiated by the dosha.
Dosha – “Dhusyati iti Dusha”
1.
one who has capacity to spoil/get go to imbalance
2.
and created imbalance in others too
oja is sense of
the seven dhatu (the best one), if ojas have problem, thats mean in the healthy
person will be start to get problem in health.
DHATUS VRIDDHI KSHAYA LAKSHANAS
1.
RASA DHATU (lymphatics and cappilary)
Rasa vriddhi
(Increase rasa) causes:
Effect similiar to functions of increased state
(similiar increased the Kapha dosha). They are:
a.
debility of
digestive activity
b.
excessive
salivation
c.
lassitude
d.
heaviness of the
body
e.
whitishness of
focus (faces)
f.
coldness of body
g.
weakness of body
parts
h.
dyspnoea
(difficulty in breathing)
i.
cough
j.
excessive sleep
Rasa kshaya
(Decrease rasa) causes:
a. dryness
b. fatigue
c. amaciation
d. exhaustion
e. inability to bear noise
2.
RAKTAM DHATU (pitta dosha) – ap mahabhuta and teja
maha bhuta followed
Raktam vriddhi
(Increase raktam) causes:
a. Visarpa (herpes), disease of spleen and abscesses
b. Diseases of skin such as leprosy, etc. Gout,
bleeding disease
c. Disease of abdominal tumors, teeth disorders,
jaundice
d. Discolored patch on the face
e. Loss of digestive fire
f. Unconsciousness
g. Reddish discoloration of skin, urine and eyes
(burning sensation)
Raktam kshaya
(Decrease raktam) causes:
a. Person gets desire for sour and cold things
b. Loss of tension of veins
c. Dryness of body
3.
MAMSA DHATU (kapha dosha)- prthvi aloow by ap/jala
Mamsa vriddhi
(Increase mamsa) causes:
a. Leads to enlargement of lymph glands, tumours, etc
b. Increases in size of cheeks and abdomen
c. Overgrowth of muscles of neck
Mamsa kshaya
(decrease mamsa) causes:
a. Heaviness
b. Debility of sense organs
c. Emaciation of cheeks and buttlock
d. Pain in the joints
4.
MEDAS DHATU (kapha dosha) ap mahabhuta an allow by
prthvi mahabhuta
Medas vriddhi
(Increase medas) causes:
Symptoms
similiar to increase of mamsa, in addition
a. Fatigue
b. Increase in breathing after doing little work
c. Dropping of the buttock, breasts and abdomen
d. Pain in the joints
e. Obesite/obesitas
Medas kshaya
(Decrease medas) causes:
a. Loss of sensation in the waist
b. Enlargement of spleen
c. Emaciation of the body
d. Skin comblextion
5.
ASTHI DHATU = fundation of huan body
(vata dosha) prthvi alow by akasa mahabhuta
Asthi vriddhi
(Increase asthi) causes:
a. Overgrowth of bones
b. Extra teeth
Asthi kshaya
(decrease asthi) causes:
a. Pain in the joins/ inflamation
b. Premature falling of the teeth, hairs, nails, etc
6.
MAJJA DHATU (kapha dosha) ap and alow prthvi
mahabhuta
Majja vriddhi
(Increase majja) causes:
a. Heavyness of the eyes and body (fullness)
b. Increase in size of the body joints
c. Causes ulcers which are difficult to cure
Majja kshaya
(Decrease majja) causes:
a. Hollowness of the bones
b. Giddiness
c. Seeing of darkness (blindness)
7.
SUKRA DHATU (kapha dosha) – ap and follow by prthvi
mahabhuta
Sukra vriddhi
(Increase sukra) causes:
a. Desire for woman
b. Seminal calculi
Sukra kshaya
(decrease sukra) causes:
a. Delay in ejaculation
b. ejaculation accompanied with bleeding
c. Serve pain in th etesticles
d. Feeling of hot fumes from the urethra
TRI MALAS (EXCREMENTS =WASTES) + ACTION
OF MALAS
a.
Mutra (urine) =
to elimination of moisture (water) in the body
b.
Sakrt (faeces) =
to maintenance of strength in the body
c.
Sweda (sweat) =
to retention of moisture
MALA VRIDDHI KSHAYA LAKSHANAS
1.
SAKRUT MALA/ purisha (prthvi mahabhuta)
Sakrut vriddhi
(Increase sakrut) causes:
a. Enlargement of abdomen (flatulence
b. Gurgling noise
c. Feeling heavyness of abdomen
Sakrut kshaya
(decrease sakrut) causes:
a. Movement of air inside the intestines
b. Gurgling noise coming upwards
c. Severe discomfort in yhe region of heart and flanks
2.
MUTHRA MALA (ap and agni mahabhuta)
Mutra vriddhi
(Increase mutra) causes:
a. Severe pain in the bladder
b. Feeling of non-elimination even after elimination of
urine
Mutra kshaya
(decrease mutra) causes:
a. Scanty urine
b. Dysuria
c. Discolored urine or urine mixed with blood
3.
SWEDA MALA (ap mahabhuta an from medha dhatu)
Sweda vriddhi
(Increase sweda) causes:
a. Excess of perspiration
b. Foul smell from the body
c. Itching
Sweda kshaya
(decrease sweda) causes:
a. Falling of hair
b. Stiffness of hair
c. Cracking of the skin / feeling dry in the skin
